eurel     Données sociologiques et juridiques sur la religion en Europe et au-delà

Le judaïsme

The presence of Jewish communities on the actual territory of Romania is archaeologically certified since the 2nd century, and it has been documented by literary sources since the Middle Ages.
The Jewish minority in Romania has decreased significantly. The 1930 census recorded 728, 115 Jews in Romania, 518, 754 of which spoke Yiddish. The total number of citizens who said they belonged to Judaism was 756, 930 (4.2%) (Central Statistics Institute, 1938 census). Their numbers have decreased constantly since World War II, for well known historical reasons but also due to the creation of Israel, a portion of the Jews living in Romania who survived the war emigrated there. The alliance between Romania and Nazi Germany during World War II had dramatic repercussions on the Jewish minority.
During the communist regime, the Jewish minority enjoyed treatment similar to that of the other legally recognised religions. After 1990, Jews continued to leave for Israel, so much so that the 1992 census recorded only 9, 670 Jews (0.04%), the 2002 census 6, 057 (0.03%) and the 2011 Census a mere 3519 (0,02%). The group is governed by the “Federation of Jewish Communities”, whose headquarters is in Bucharest and includes all of the communities and institutions in the country. The most important ones are located in Bucharest, Timisoara, Iasi, Brasov, Bacau, Galati, Botosani, Targu Mures and so forth. In 1999 there were still 78 communities and institutions. In 1999 there were 760 Jewish cemeteries located in 679 towns, 124 temples, synagogues and houses of prayer, many of which are historical and architectural monuments. The Jews of Romania publish a bi-monthly journal entitled “the Realities of Jewish Life” as well as many books on Jewish history and culture (Hasefer Publications). The Federation of Jewish Communities helps Romania’s Jewish community by running kosher restaurants, homes for the elderly and vacation houses.
The Jewish population of Bucharest is faced with a decreasing birth rate and a progressively ageing population.

D 13 août 2015    AManuela Gheorghe

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