Le Traité de Lausanne

Section III of the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 entitled “Protection of minorities” (Articles 38 to 44) confers a number of rights in the area of religion and language to the non-Muslim minorities in the country.
According to these articles, all non-Muslims in the Turkey constitute religious minorities (therefore the Alevis are not considered as minority). In practice, minority status is accorded only to three groups, namely Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox and Jews. Other social (and religious) minorities like the Assyro-Chaldeans, Yezidis or even Protestants and Roman Catholics do not have this status.

See the Lausanne Treaty.